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Rhein

Cat. No. M3998
Rhein Structure
Synonym:

Cassic acid; Rheic Acid; Monorhein; NSC 38629

Size Price Availability Quantity
10mM*1mL in DMSO USD 60  USD60 In stock
100mg USD 50  USD50 In stock
200mg USD 80  USD80 In stock
500mg USD 120  USD120 In stock
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Quality Control & Documentation
Biological Activity

Rhein (50µM) causes apoptosis in rat primary hepatocytes by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase in intracellular Ca++ , decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. At molecular level rhein induced DNA damage results in over expression of γ-H2AX protein (2.5 fold) thereby causing enhancement of p53 (4.5 fold) and p21 (3.6 fold) leading to intrinsic pathway mediated apoptosis involving Bax, bcl2, cytochrome c, caspases 3, 9 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Rhein induced ROS generation was also involved in the modulation of signaling molecules like MAPK kinases including ERK1/2, p38 and JNK; and mitochondrial energetics proteins including complex II-V, p-AMPK and Sirt-1.

Product Citations
Chemical Information
Molecular Weight 284.22
Formula C15H8O6
CAS Number 478-43-3
Solubility (25°C) DMSO: 10 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic and warming)
Storage Powder          -20°C   3 years ;  4°C   2 years
In solvent       -80°C   6 months ;  -20°C   1 month
Conversion of different model animals based on BSA (PMID: 27057123)
Species Mouse Rat Rabbit Guinea pig Hamster Dog
Weight (kg) 0.02 0.15 1.8 0.4 0.08 10
Body Surface Area (m2) 0.007 0.025 0.15 0.05 0.02 0.5
Km factor 3 6 12 8 5 20
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by  Animal B Km
Animal A Km

For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.

References

[1] Zhou YX, et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities.

[2] Panigrahi GK, et al. Chem Res Toxicol. Mechanism of Rhein induced apoptosis in rat primary hepatocytes: beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A.

[3] Chen X, et al. Indian J Pharmacol. Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in a protective effect of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy.

[4] Gao Q, et al. Planta Med. Rhein improves renal lesion and ameliorates dyslipidemia in db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy.

[5] Lin S, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys. Rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial death pathway.

[6] Martel-Pelletier J, et al. J Rheumatol. In vitro effects of diacerhein and rhein on interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha systems in human osteoarthritic synovium and chondrocytes.

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Keywords: Rhein, Cassic acid; Rheic Acid; Monorhein; NSC 38629 supplier, FTO, inhibitors, activators


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