Rhein (50µM) causes apoptosis in rat primary hepatocytes by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase in intracellular Ca++ , decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. At molecular level rhein induced DNA damage results in over expression of γ-H2AX protein (2.5 fold) thereby causing enhancement of p53 (4.5 fold) and p21 (3.6 fold) leading to intrinsic pathway mediated apoptosis involving Bax, bcl2, cytochrome c, caspases 3, 9 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Rhein induced ROS generation was also involved in the modulation of signaling molecules like MAPK kinases including ERK1/2, p38 and JNK; and mitochondrial energetics proteins including complex II-V, p-AMPK and Sirt-1.
Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 27;13:971409.
The effects of rhein on D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice: Results from gut microbiome-metabolomics and host transcriptome analysis
Rhein purchased from AbMole
Molecular Weight | 284.22 |
Formula | C15H8O6 |
CAS Number | 478-43-3 |
Solubility (25°C) | DMSO: 10 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic and warming) |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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