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In vitro: Thiamine (50 mM), in addition to its nutritional value, induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in rice, tobacco, cucumber, and Arabidopsis. Thiamine-treated rice, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and vegetable crop plants shows resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. Thiamine treatment induces the transient expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in rice and other plants. In addition, Thiamine treatment potentiates stronger and more rapid PR gene expression and the up-regulation of protein kinase C activity. Vitamin B1 (10 μM) prevents acetaldehyde-induced inhibition of myocyte shortening in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Vitamin B1 (10 μM) effectively blunts the acetaldehyde-induced depression in ±dL/dt in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Vitamin B1 (10 μM) prevents acetaldehyde-induced shortening of time-to-peak shortening in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Vitamin B1 (10 μM) prevents acetaldehyde-induced elevation in both protein carbonyl formation and caspase-3 activation in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Thiamine uptake is energy- and temperature-dependent, pH-sensitive, Na+-independent, saturable at both the nanomolar (apparent Km, 30 nM) and the micromolar (apparent Km, 1.72 mM) concentration ranges in ARPE-19 cells. Uptake of Thiamine is adaptively regulated by extracellular substrate level via transcriptionally mediated mechanisms that involve both hTHTR-1 and hTHTR-2 in ARPE-19 cells, it is also regulated by an intracellular Ca2+-calmodulin-mediated pathway. Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) fibroblasts are rescued from death with 10 nM-30 nM Thiamine (in the range of normal plasma thiamine concentrations). Normal fibroblasts exhibits saturable, high-affinity thiamine uptake (Km 400 nM-550 nM; Vmax 11 pmol/min/1×106 cells), while TRMA fibroblasts lacks detectable high-affinity uptake. At 30 nM Thiamine, the rate of uptake of Thiamine by TRMA fibroblasts is 10-fold less than that of wild-type, which explains the increased apoptosis of TRMA fibroblasts.
In vivo: Thiamine deficiency results in amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity accumulated in swollen neurites within, or around lesions in rats, or in abnormal clusters in mice.
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | HL-60 cells |
| Preparation method | HL-60 cells were pre-treated with 0.25 μg/ml of either cycloheximide or tetrathylammonium, a big potassium channel (BK) blocker, for 2 hours and then cultured for 12 hours with or without thiamine (100 μM) and stained with Giemsa. |
| Concentrations | 100 μM |
| Incubation time | 12 h |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | |
| Formulation | |
| Dosages | |
| Administration | |
| Molecular Weight | 337.27 |
| Formula | C12H17N4OS.HCl |
| CAS Number | 67-03-8 |
| Solubility (25°C) | Water 90 mg/mL |
| Storage | 4°C, protect from light, dry, sealed |
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