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IQ-1S is also a prospective inhibitor of NF-κB/activating protein 1 (AP-1) activity with an IC50 of 2.3±0.41 μM. The effect of IQ-1S is evaluated on LPS-induced cytokine production in human PBMCs. Among the 12 cytokines analyzed, LPS (200 ng/mL) consistently induces five (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) in PBMCs compared with DMSO-treated control cells. Production of all of these cytokines is significantly inhibited by 20 μM IQ-1S. Among them, TNF-α production is inhibited completely by IQ-1 (>99%), the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-10 are decreased by 85%, and IL-6 production is decreased by 33%.
In vivo, when mice are dosed with 12.5 and 30 mg/kg IQ-1S (The sodium salt of IQ-1) i.p., the serum exposure of the compound is also good, with AUC0-12h values of 2.9 and 7.4 μM/h, respectively.
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | Human PBMCs |
| Preparation method | Human PBMCs are plated in 96-well plates at a density of 2×105 cells/well in culture medium supplemented with 3% (v/v) endotoxin-free FBS. PBMCs are pretreated with 20 μM IQ-1 or DMSO for 30 min, followed by addition of 200 ng/ml LPS for 24 h. A human cytokine MultiAnalyte ELISArray Kit is used to evaluate various cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in supernatants of PBMCs. |
| Concentrations | 20 μM |
| Incubation time | 24 h |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | BALB/c mice |
| Formulation | |
| Dosages | 12.5 or 30 mg/kg |
| Administration | i.p. |
| Molecular Weight | 247.25 |
| Formula | C15H9N3O |
| CAS Number | 23146-22-7 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO: ≥ 25 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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