In vitro: GSK583 possesses comparable binding affinity for RIP3 kinase as demonstrated by an in-house FP binding assay configured similarly to the RIP2 FP assay (RIP2 FP IC50 = 5 nM; RIP3 FP IC50 = 16 nM). Despite this potent biochemical activity against RIP3 kinase, GSK583 shows little or no inhibition of RIP3-dependent necroptotic cell death in a cellular assay up to 10 μM concentration. GSK583 potently and dose dependently inhibits MDP-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production with an IC50 = 8 nM in primary human monocytes. Following treatment with GSK583 at 1 μM, little inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling is observed upon activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR7) or cytokine receptors (IL-1R, TNFR) but complete inhibition is observed upon activation of both NOD1 and NOD2 receptors, which signal in a RIP2-dependent manner. Although GSK583 has excellent kinase selectivity, it does inhibit both the hERG channel and Cyp3A4, which precludes it from further progression as a drug candidate. In vivo: GSK583 has low clearance, moderate volumes of distribution, and moderate oral bioavailability in both rat and mouse. Eventhough GSK583 would not produce a human phamacodynamic response within an acceptable dose range which precludes this molecule from further development as a drug candidate, the oral PK in rat and mouse provides sufficient systemic exposure for use as a preclinical in vivo tool molecule in an acute inflammation challenge mode.
Cell Experiment | |
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Cell lines | primary human monocytes |
Preparation method | To assess cellular selectivity, monocytes are pretreated with inhibitor for 30 min, then stimulated for 6 h with ligands which selectively agonize NLRs NOD1, NOD2; Toll-like receptors TLR, TLR4, TLR7, or cytokine receptors IL-1R, TNFR. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, either TNFα (NOD2, TLR2, TLR4, IL1R) or IL-8 (NOD1, TLR7, TNFR), is measured by immunoassay. Percent inhibition and/or IC50 values are calculated. |
Concentrations | 1 μM |
Incubation time | 30 min |
Animal Experiment | |
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Animal models | C57BL/6 mice |
Formulation | |
Dosages | 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg |
Administration | oral administration |
Molecular Weight | 398.45 |
Formula | C20H19FN4O2S |
CAS Number | 1346547-00-9 |
Solubility (25°C) | 79 mg/mL in DMSO |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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