QS-21, an immunostimulatory saponin, could be used as a potent vaccine adjuvant. QS-21 stimulates Th2 humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses through action on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. QS-21 can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome with subsequent release of caspase-1 dependent cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18.
| Molecular Weight | 1990.13 |
| Formula | C92H148O46 |
| CAS Number | 141256-04-4 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 80 mg/mL Water 40 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
| Related Adjuvants Products |
|---|
| Schizophyllan
Schizophyllan, a β-D-glucan derived from Schizophyllan, activates Tc cells, NK cells, macrophages, as well as promotes the secretion of various lymphokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IFN. It can be used as an immune adjuvant with potential immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. |
| Aluminum Phosphate
Aluminum Phosphate is a widely used adjuvant and has been shown to increase the excretion rate of strontium for use in studies related to vaccines and gastrointestinal diseases. |
| Peptidoglycan
The peptidoglycan (murein) sacculus is a unique and essential structural element in the cell wall of most bacteria. This product is extracted from Bacillus subtilis. |
| Polygalasaponin XXXI
Polygalasaponin XXXI (Onjisaponin F) is an effective adjuvant for intranasal administration of influenza Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine. |
| Timonacic
Timonacic is used as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute and hepatic disorders. |
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