Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Biological Activity

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator, increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner, with an EC50 of 11.7 nM. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces differentiation in THP-1 cells (80 ng/ml, 24h). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is also a NF-κB activator.

THP-1 cells were seeded into 6-well cell culture plates at 1×10⁵ cells/ml, 5×10⁵ cells/ml, 1×10⁶ cells/ml and 5×10⁶ cells/ml and induced with PMA of 80 ng/ml. Cells were collected at 12h, 24h, and 36h, respectively, and samples with different cell seeding densities corresponding to different induction times were detected by flow cytometry. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the positive rate of CD14 molecules between groups with different cell seeding densities, while the CD14 positive rate of 5×10⁵ cells/ml group (41.4%±8.8%) was higher than that of other seeding density groups. Meanwhile, there was significant difference in CD14 positive rate between different induction time groups, and the positive rate of CD14 was higher in group with induction time of 24h (36.7%±11.7%) than other induction time groups.

Product Citations

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  Environ Pollut. 2025 Jan 19;368:125710.

  Gut microbiota dysbiosis involved in decabromodiphenyl ether-induced bone homeostasis disorder through inflammaging
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Commun Biol. 2025 Jan 07;8(1):20.

  NLRP3 promotes inflammatory signaling and IL-1β cleavage in acute lung injury caused by cell wall extract of Lactobacillus casei
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Jan 10;144:113636.

  Qibai Pingfei Capsule ameliorated inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) via HIF-1 α/glycolysis pathway mediated of BMAL1
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Jan;11(4):e2305175.

  Single-Cell Atlas of Human Ovaries Reveals The Role Of The Pyroptotic Macrophage in Ovarian Aging
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Engineering. 2024 May.

  Therapeutic Targeting of PKM2 Ameliorates NASH Fibrosis Progression in A Macrophage-Specific and Liver-Specific Manner
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jul 03;22(1):37.

  Hypoxia-induced Semaphorin 3A promotes the development of endometriosis through regulating macrophage polarization
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Cell Biochem Funct. 2024 Jun 18;15(4):267.

  Ring finger protein 216 loss-of-function induces white matter hyperintensities by inhibiting oligodendroglia proliferation
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Nov 08;51(1):1133.

  MiR-146a-5p-enriched exosomes inhibit M1 macrophage activation and inflammatory response by targeting CD80
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  J Immunother Cancer. 2023 Oct;11(10):e007230.

  Bladder cancer intrinsic LRFN2 drives anticancer immunotherapy resistance by attenuating CD8+ T cell infiltration and functional transition
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Br J Pharmacol. 2023 May 4.

  The adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoAI attenuates periodontitis in diabetic rats by inhibiting gingival fibroblast-induced macrophage migration
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Fertil Steril. 2023 May 12;S0015-0282(23)00241-8.

  Gut dysbiosis-derived β-glucuronidase promotes the development of endometriosis
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Chem Biol Interact. 2023 Nov 22;110816.

  Targeting PKM2 improves the gemcitabine sensitivity of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells via inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Exp Cell Res. 2023 Nov 15;432(2):113778.

  YTHDF1 shapes “cold” tumor and inhibits CD8+ T cells infiltration and function in breast cancer
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Hematol Oncol. 2023 Jul 26.

  Magnesium enhances the graft-versus-tumor effect of donor lymphocytic infusion on hematologic malignancies
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Acta Histochem. 2023 May 1;125(4):152042.

  Hypoxia activates the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway to promote the anti-inflammatory effect of adipose mesenchymal stem cells
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Research Square. 2023 May 5.

  Breast cancer intrinsic YTHDF1 forms “cold” tumor and inhibits CD8+ T cells infiltration and function
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Theranostics. 2022 Aug 29;12(14):6242-6257.

  Single-Cell RNA sequencing reveals immune cell dynamics and local intercellular communication in acute murine cardiac allograft rejection
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 28;13:883885.

  TIPE2 May Target the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Inhibit M1 Macrophage-Related Neutrophilic Inflammation in Asthma
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Front Immunol. 2022 May 23;13:866638.

  A Novel STAT3 Gain-of-Function Mutation in Fatal Infancy-Onset Interstitial Lung Disease
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 25;12:620365.

  Circulating Neutrophil Dysfunction in HBV-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

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  Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 14;22(12):6346.

  Activity of Oritavancin and Its Synergy with Other Antibiotics against Mycobacterium abscessus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from AbMole

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight	616.83
Formula	C36H56O8
CAS Number	16561-29-8
Solubility (25°C)	DMSO 90 mg/mL Ethanol 90 mg/mL
Storage	-20°C, protect from light

References

[1] Tiezhu Liu, et al. PLoS One. Optimization of differentiation and transcriptomic profile of THP-1 cells into macrophage by PMA

[2] Mancy Tong, et al. Methods Mol Biol. Visualization and Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

[3] Mitsuhiro Kinoshita, et al. Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate inhibits Nephronectin gene expression via Protein kinase C alpha and c-Jun/c-Fos transcription factors

[4] Sukkum Ngullie Chang, et al. Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Induced Toxicity Study and the Role of Tangeretin in Abrogating HIF-1α-NF-κB Crosstalk In Vitro and In Vivo

[5] Yoon-Hee Cheon, et al. Eupatilin downregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced MUC5AC expression via inhibition of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs signal pathway in human airway epithelial cells

[6] Derya Biriken, et al. Investigation of cytokine and midkine responses of human THP-1 leukemia cells induced by phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (PMA) at different concentrations and times

[7] Tregei Starr, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium