Epoxomicin (BU 4061T) is a naturally occurring selective proteasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Epoxomicin covalently binds to the LMP7, X, MECL1, and Z catalytic subunits of the proteasome. Epoxomicin (BU 4061T) inhibits proteasome activity in cell growth assays with an IC50 value of 4 nM and demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against B16-F10, HCT116, and Moser solid tumor cells, as well as P388 and K562 leukemia cells with IC50 values ranging from 2-44 nM. Epoxomicin also effectively inhibits NF-kappaB activation in vitro and potently blocks in vivo inflammation in the murine ear edema assay. In contrast to peptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitors, epoxomicin does not inhibit nonproteasomal proteases such trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, calpain, and cathepsin B at concentrations of up to 50 microM. Treatment of proliferating cells with epoxomicin results in cell death through accumulation of ubiquinated proteins.
Arch Virol. 2021 Aug;166(8):2173-2185.
Interplay of the ubiquitin proteasome system and the innate immune response is essential for the replication of infectious bronchitis virus
Epoxomicin purchased from AbMole
Mol Cell. 2020 Nov 19;80(4):607-620.e12.
Paradoxical Mitophagy Regulation by PINK1 and TUFm
Epoxomicin purchased from AbMole
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Source | Mol Cell (2020), Figure 4, Epoxomicin (Abmole Bioscience Inc.) |
| Method | Cell Culture | |
| Cell Lines | HeLa and HEK293T cell lines | |
| Concentrations | 100 µM | |
| Incubation Time | 2-12 hours | |
| Results | CCCP treatment induced accumulation of mitochondrion-localized fulllength PINK1 protein and an enhanced p-S222-TUFm signal;applying the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or epoxomicin elevated cytosolic and mitochondrial cleaved PINK1 and the p-S222-TUFm signal, and so did the autophagosome formation inhibitors CK636 and Baf-A1, but to a lesser extent |
| Molecular Weight | 554.72 |
| Formula | C28H50N4O7 |
| CAS Number | 134381-21-8 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 10 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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NIC-0102 is an orally potent proteasome inhibitor (pIC50=7.55) that specifically inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation.NIC-0102 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in a DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model. In addition, NIC-0102 inhibited the production of pro-IL-1β. |
| Ac-WLA-AMC
Ac-WLA-AMC is a specific 20S constitutive proteasome β5 fluorogenic substrate. |
| Ac-Nle-Pro-Nle-Asp-AMC
Ac-Nle-Pro-Nle-Asp-AMC is a specific substrate for 26S proteasome. |
| PR-39
PR-39, a natural proline- and arginine-rich antibacterial peptide, is a noncompetitive, reversible and allosteric proteasome inhibitor. |
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PSI (Proteasome Inhibitor 1) is a potent proteasome inhibitor. |
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