Betulin inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and NF-κB signaling activation through STAT3 signaling. Besides, betulin treatment also induced the expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic downstream effector of STAT3.Betulin decreases lipid levels, enhances insulin sensitivity, and reduces the development of atherosclerotic plaques.Betulin can serve as a lead compound for pharmacological control of metabolic diseases.Betulin can effect intracellular signaling in ethanol-induced liver cells via inhibiting ROS, TNFα and TNFβ. In human cancer cells Betulin can induce mitochondrial cytochrome C release in human cancer cells, which results in apoptosis. Alternate studies on mice show that Betulin binds to melanocortin receptors and antagonizes the release of cAMP generation in mouse melanoma cells. Furthermore, Betulin has protective effects against cadmium induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines.
| Molecular Weight | 442.72 |
| Formula | C30H50O2 |
| CAS Number | 473-98-3 |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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