Afatinib dimaleate

Biological Activity

In vitro: BIBW2992 is more effective than erlotinib, gefitinib, or lapatinib in inhibiting survival of lung cancer cell lines harboring wild-type (H1666) or L858R/T790M (NCI-H1975) EGFR. BIBW2992 is similarly effective against NSCLC lines expressing HER2 776insV (NCI-H1781) or EGFR E746_A750del (HCC827), but shows no activity toward A549 cells, which express wild-type EGFR and HER2. Afatinib enhances cytotoxicity of topotecan and mitoxantrone to SP cells, and increases the apoptosis induced by topotecan and mitoxantrone in SP cells. In vivo: In the MDA-MB-453 xenograft model, BIBW2992 (20 mg/kg, p.o.) results in dramatic tumor regression with a cumulative treated/control tumor volume ratio (T/C ratio) of 2%, and downregulation of EGFR and AKT phosphorylation. In A7, A431, FaDu, UT-SCC-14 and UT-SCC-15 xenograft models, application of BIBW 2992 (30 mg/kg, p.o.) leads to a significant prolongation of tumour growth time. In HER2-amplified xenograft medel, Afatinib (30 mg/kg, p.o.) results a markedly inhibition in tumor growth and a significant improvement in the duration of overall survival. In HER2-positive gastric cancer NCI-N87 xenograft, afatinib (25 mg/kg, p.o.) leads to dramatic tumor volume regression within 4 d and near-complete tumor resolution after 21 d of treatment.

Product Citations

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  Theranostics. 2020 Aug 29;10(24):10925-10939.

  Targeting positive feedback between BASP1 and EGFR as a therapeutic strategy for lung cancer progression
  Afatinib dimaleate purchased from AbMole

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  J Virol. 2020 Feb 14;94(5):e01791-19.

  Targeting Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF21 Tyrosine Kinase and Viral Lytic Reactivation by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Approved for Clinical Use
  Afatinib dimaleate purchased from AbMole

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  FASEB J. 2018 May 29;fj201800011R.

  Resistance to gefitinib and cross-resistance to irreversible EGFR-TKIs mediated by disruption of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in human lung cancer cells
  Afatinib dimaleate purchased from AbMole

Conversion of different model animals based on BSA (Value based on data from FDA Draft Guidelines)

Species	Mouse	Rat	Rabbit	Guinea pig	Hamster	Dog
Weight (kg)	0.02	0.15	1.8	0.4	0.08	10
Body Surface Area (m2)	0.007	0.025	0.15	0.05	0.02	0.5
Km factor	3	6	12	8	5	20

Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by	Animal B Km
	Animal A Km

For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the K_m factor for a mouse and then divide by the K_m factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.

Chemical Information

References

Afatinib versus cisplatin-based chemotherapy for EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6): analysis of overall survival data from two randomised, phase 3 trials.
Yang JC, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Feb;16(2):141-51. PMID: 25589191.

Afatinib induces apoptosis in NSCLC without EGFR mutation through Elk-1-mediated suppression of CIP2A.
Chao TT, et al. Oncotarget. 2015 Feb 10;6(4):2164-79. PMID: 25537503.