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Stzocin

Cat. No. M2082

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Stzocin Structure
Synonym:

NSC-85998; U 9889

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100mg USD 40 In stock
200mg USD 60 In stock
500mg USD 80 In stock
1g USD 120 In stock
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Biological Activity

Streptozotocin (STZ; Stzocin) is an antibiotic widely used in experimental animal models of induced diabetes. Streptozotocin enters B cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and causes the alkylation of DNA ( DNA-methylating ). Streptozotocin can induce the apoptosis of β cells.

Solution is extremely unstable at room temperature, and can be decomposed into gas and volatilized after half an hour, freshly prepared is recommended.

Streptozotocin (0-20 mM, 48 h) (dissolved in citrate buffer, pH 4.4 and diluted in DMEM just before use) induces cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells.
Streptozotocin (10 mM, 0-120 min) (dissolved in 50 mM sodium citrate and 0.45% NaCl, pH 4.5) is specifically transported by GLUT2, which contributes to the cytotoxicity in GLUT2-expressing cells.

Streptozotocin is suitable for constructing models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Streptozotocin is highly water-soluble, which is often dissolved in cold acidic citric acid buffer (pH 4.0-4.7), commonly used in animal experiments, ready for use. Once absorbed, distributes widely throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain barrier and placenta, entering various tissues. In the liver, Streptozotocin undergoes chemical modification, converting into an active form that causes DNA methylation and damages pancreatic β-cells, leading to diabetes. The elimination half-life of Streptozotocin varies depending on the species and route of administration.

Induction of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
Background
Induces disease by direct destroying the animal's islet β beta cells.
Specific Modeling Methods
Mice: C57BL/6 • Male • 8-12 week-old
Administration: 100 mg/kg-220 mg/kg • i.p. • single high dose, or 40-60 mg/kg for five consecutive days.
Rat: Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats • male • 8-10 weeks-old
Administration: 65 mg/kg • i.p. • single high dose.
Note Tips:
1) The sensitivity of different species of animals to STZ varies greatly, and it is recommended to use male rats (female mice are more tolerant to STZ);
2) Fasting without water before administration can increase the sensitivity of pancreatic β cells to STZ. STZ injection in model animals generally requires rapid injection;
3) Different strains of mice have different sensitivities to STZ. Studies have reported that the DBA/2 strain is the most sensitive, followed by C57BL6. Balb/cJ mice are resistant to multiple low-dose STZ-induced diabetes;
4) After STZ treatment, animals die due to fatal hypoglycemia due to massive necrosis of pancreatic β-cells and sudden release of insulin, usually within 48 hours after injection. To prevent this, it is best to provide animals with 10% sucrose water regularly after STZ treatment. If animal mortality exceeds 20% when using a single high-dose STZ diabetic mouse protocol, treat animals with an intraperitoneal injection of 5% glucose solution within 6 hours of STZ injection;
5) preliminary experiments are required, and it is not recommended to directly use the administration methods and dosages in the literature.
Modeling Indicators
Blood glucose level : Random blood glucose levels are generally used as a guide for diabetes. Animals with blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dL (i.e. 16.7 mmol/L) are considered diabetic. When fasting blood glucose levels are used as an indicator of elevation, values above 150 (8.3 mmoL/L) or 200 mg/dL (11 mmol/L) can be used arbitrarily as a marker of hyperglycemia, depending on the purpose of the study.
Other indicators : generally accompanied by increased water intake, urine volume, and weight loss. Serum biochemical indexes such as total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein also increased significantly with the occurrence of diabetes.


Induction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Background
The disease is induced by partially destroying the animals' islet β cells, making the peripheral tissue insensitive to insulin, and by feeding them a high-calorie diet.
Specific Modeling Methods
Mice: C57BL/6 • Male • 10 week-old
Administration: 4-8 weeks of high-fat diet + low-dose i.p. injection of 30-70 mg/kg STZ for 3-5 days or a single i.p. dose of 90- 100 mg/kg.
Rat: Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats • male • 8-10 weeks-old
Administration: 4-8 weeks of high-fat diet + i.p. injection of 25-40 mg/kg STZ, a single dose.
Note Tips:
Same precautions as for "Induction of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)".
Modeling Indicators
Blood glucose level : Blood glucose level exceeds 300 mg/dL(16.7 mmoL/L).
Other indicators : generally accompanied by increased water intake, urine volume, and weight loss. Serum biochemical indexes such as total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein also increased significantly with the occurrence of diabetes.

Product Citations
Customer Product Validations & Biological Datas
Source Macromol Rapid Commun (2018). Figure 4. Streptozotocin (Abmole Bioscience. USA)
Method creating diabetic mice models
Cell Lines diabetic mice
Concentrations -
Incubation Time 24 h
Results Remarkably, the fluorescence intensity of skin treated by non-crosslinked gelatin MNs decreased more sharply compared with crosslinked RS-PGC-MNs.
Source J Drug Target (2018) . Figure 6. Streptozotocin (Abmole Bioscience)
Method intraperitoneal injection
Cell Lines Balb/c mice
Concentrations 100 mg/kg
Incubation Time 48h
Results Figure 6(a-b) shows the in-vivo fluorescence images of Balb/c mice after treatment of different molecular weight of PVA, gelatin, chitosan and HA based MNs array at different time (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 h) intervals of drug release.
Source J Ind Eng Chem (2017). Figure 3. Streptozotocin (Abmole Bioscience)
Method inject to mice
Cell Lines Female Balb/c mice
Concentrations 10 mg/ml
Incubation Time 48 h
Results The amount of drugs loaded in RSMNs with various length of PLA 182 MNs was approximately 280 ng/patch.
Source RSC Advances(2017). Streptozotocin, Figure 7. (AbMole Bioscience, Shanghai, China)
Method Prior to the experiment, the diabetic model was induced in BALB/c female mice (6–8 weeks old, 16  0.7 g) with streptozotocin (200 mg/kg in sodium citrate buffer, PH 4.5) administrated by intraperitoneal injection aer they were fasted for 6 h only in case of water.
Cell Lines
Concentrations 200 mg/kg
Incubation Time
Results
Protocol (for reference only)
Cell Experiment
Cell lines INS-1 cells
Preparation method Therefore, the present study focused on the anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of RA in INS-1 cells using in vitro model. Stzocin (STZ) at a concentration of 3 mM was applied to INS-1 cells for 4 h to create a diabetic model.
Concentrations 3 mM
Incubation time 4 h
Animal Experiment
Animal models
Formulation
Dosages
Administration
Chemical Information
Molecular Weight 265.22
Formula C8H15N3O7
CAS Number 18883-66-4
Solubility (25°C) DMSO >100 mg/mL
Water 90 mg/mL
Storage 2-8°C, protect from light, dry, sealed
References

[1] Semra Acer, et al. Arq Bras Oftalmol. Oxidative stress of crystalline lens in rat menopausal model

[2] Randa A Hadi Diab, et al. Immunol Lett. Immunotoxicological effects of Stzocin and alloxan: in vitro and in vivo studies

[3] Yin D, et al. Diabetes. Recovery of islet beta-cell function in Stzocin- induced diabetic mice: an indirect role for the spleen.

[4] Szkudelski T. Physiol Res. The mechanism of alloxan and Stzocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas.

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Keywords: Stzocin, NSC-85998; U 9889 supplier, Animal Modeling, inhibitors, activators

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