Saikosaponin D inhibits cell growth of human cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and blocking cell cycle progression in the G1 phase.Saikosaponin D was found to stimulate corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene expression and CRF release.Ssd was shown to increase cytosolic calcium level via direct inhibition of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase pump,leading to autophagy induction through the activation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.Ssd treatment causes the disruption of calcium homeostasis, which induces endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as the unfolded protein responses pathway.Ssd also proved to be a potent cytotoxic agent in apoptosis-defective or apoptosis-resistant mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, which either lack caspases 3, 7 or 8 or had the Bax-Bak double knockout.SSd markedly suppressed phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and reversed the APAP-induced increases in the target genes of NF-κB, such as pro-inflammatory cytokine Il6 and Ccl2, and those of STAT3, such as Socs3, Fga, Fgb and Fgg. SSd also enhanced the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10 mRNA.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 16;12:625074.
Saikosaponin D Rescues Deficits in Sexual Behavior and Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction in Mice Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress
Saikosaponin D purchased from AbMole
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Source | Front Pharmacol (2021). Figure 5. Saikosaponin D (Abmole Bioscience, Houston, TX, USA) |
| Method | Administration | |
| Cell Lines | chronic mild stress (CMS) mice | |
| Concentrations | - | |
| Incubation Time | - | |
| Results | Consistent with the abovementioned observation, the expression of the neuronal marker MAP2 was decreased in CMS mice (Figure 5C), whereas MAP2 expression was significantly increased in the MePD of CMS+SSD mice. |
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Source | Front Pharmacol (2021). Figure 2. Saikosaponin D (Abmole Bioscience, Houston, TX, USA) |
| Method | Administration | |
| Cell Lines | chronic mild stress (CMS) mice | |
| Concentrations | - | |
| Incubation Time | - | |
| Results | SSD treatment remarkably alleviated the adverse effects of CMS, with a statistically significant increase in the time spent exploring an estrous female mouse than a sexually active male mouse. |
| Molecular Weight | 780.98 |
| Formula | C42H68O13 |
| CAS Number | 20874-52-6 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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