Genus: Human
Expression system: E. coli
Endotoxin: < 0.2 EU/μg of protein by gel coagulation
Purity: >95% by SDS-PAGE analysis
Apparent molecular weight: ~18.6 kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions
Storage and Stability: This product is stable for up to 6 months at temperatures below -70°C after receipt. After reconstitution, the product should be stable for 1 week at 4°C or for 3 months at -20°C. For long-term storage, the addition of a carrier protein (e.g. 0.1% BSA) is recommended. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Bioactivity: TNF is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK cells upon stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF-α, while CD8 cells secrete little or no TNF-α. TNF-α synthesis is induced by many different stimuli, including interferon, IL2, and GM-CSF. TNF-β is a potent mediator of inflammatory and immune responses. It belongs to the TNF family of ligands and signals through TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNF-β is produced by activated T and B lymphocytes and has similar activity to TNF-α. It mediates a large number of inflammatory, immunostimulatory and antiviral responses.
| Solubility (25°C) | Reconstitute the lyophilized powder in ddH₂O or PBS up to 100 μg/ml. |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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