Nitazoxanide (Alinia, Annita) is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative and an antiprotozoal agent (IC50 for canine influenza virus ranges from 0.17 to 0.21 μM). The anti- protozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to interference with the pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism. It has also been shown to have activity against influenza A virus. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited virus replication of all canine influenza virus with 50% and 90% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.17 to 0.21 μM and from 0.60 to 0.76 μM, respectively.
Molecular Weight | 307.28 |
Formula | C12H9N3O5S |
CAS Number | 55981-09-4 |
Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 60 mg/mL |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
[3] Jos Meneses Caldern, et al. Nitazoxanide against COVID-19 in three explorative scenarios
[4] No authors listed. Nitazoxanide
[5] Jean-Franois Rossignol. Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent
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