Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that is part of the aminopenicillin family. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls. Ampicillin inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis in binary fission, which ultimately leads to cell lysis. Ampicillin provides neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Ampicillin reduces the activities of MMPs and increases the expression level of GLT-1. Pretreatment with ampicillin significantly reduces medial hippocampal cell death following global forebrain ischemia.
| Molecular Weight | 371.39 |
| Formula | C16H18N3NaO4S |
| CAS Number | 69-52-3 |
| Solubility (25°C) | Water ≥ 90 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
[2] D W Claussen. Unasyn (ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium)
[4] No authors listed. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. Ampicillin
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