Posaconazole (trade name Noxafil) is a sterol C14α demethylase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.25 nM. Posaconazole blocks the synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting of the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase and accumulation of methylated sterol precursors. Posaconazole disrupts the close packing of acyl chains of phospholipids and impairs the functions of certain membrane-bound enzyme systems such as ATPase and enzymes of the electron transport system, thus inhibiting growth of the fungi. Posaconazole is significantly more potent at inhibiting 14-alpha demethylase than itraconazole. Oral administration of posaconazole taken with a high-fat meal exceeds 90% bioavailability and increases the concentration by four times compared to fasting state. Posaconazole is currently in a phase 2 clinical trial in Argentina testing its efficacy against asymptomatic, chronic Chagas.
| Molecular Weight | 700.78 |
| Formula | C37H42F2N8O4 |
| CAS Number | 171228-49-2 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 100 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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