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Hyocholic acid is a primary bile acid in pigs and other mammals. Hyocholic Acid promotes GLP-1 secretion via activating TGR5 and inhibiting FXR in enteroendocrine cells. Hyocholic acid is converted by gut microflora primarily to taurohyocholate and, to a lesser extent, taurocholic acid and tauro-β-muricholic acid in mice.
Hyocholic acid has low toxicity against human hepatoma HepG2 cells. HCA (25 and 50 μM, 24 h) upregulates proglucagon gene transcription in STC-1 and NCI-H716 cells. HCA (25 and 50 μM, 24 h) upregulates GLP-1 protein secretion in STC-1 and NCI-H716 cells.
Hyocholic Acid (20 mg/kg, p.o.) suppresses BA depletion-induced blood glucose increase in pigs. Hyocholic Acid (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) improves serum fasting GLP-1 secretion and glucose homeostasis in diabetic mouse models.
| Molecular Weight | 408.57 |
| Formula | C24H40O5 |
| CAS Number | 547-75-1 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 42 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Related Metabolite/Endogenous Metabolite Products |
|---|
| D-Tryptophan
D-Tryptophan is the D-isomer of tryptophan, as a non-protein active amino acid, has special physiological properties, can be used as additives, plant growth agents, etc. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is mainly used in the synthesis of various polypeptides, instead of L-tryptophan to extend the peptide half-life. |
| Arachidonic acid sodium salt
Arachidonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Arachidonate) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid sodium salt also acts as the substrate for various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs). |
| trans-Vaccenic acid
trans-Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid (TFA). trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated Linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell growth and induces apoptosis through the inhibition of Bad/Akt phosphorylation. |
| Mead acid
Mead acid (5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid) is an unsaturated (Omega-9) fatty acid. |
| p-Cresol glucuronide
p-Cresol glucuronide is a metabolite of p-cresol, it is a prototype protein-bound uremic toxin. |
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