In vitro: Fruquintinib demonstrates potent inhibition on VEGF-A dependent KDR phosphorylation in HEK293-KDR cells and VEGF-A induced proliferation in primary HUVECs with IC50s of 0.6±0.2 nM and 1.7 nM, respectively. Similarly, potent VEGFR3 attenuation by fruquintinib is observed in primary HLECs, with IC50s of 1.5 nM and 4.2 nM for VEGF-C stimulated VEGFR3 phosphorylation and proliferation, respectively. Fruquintinib suppresses the tube branching, tube length and area in a concentration-dependent manner. The tubule length of primary HUVECs decreased by 74% and 94% at 0.03 and 0.3 μM of fruquintinib, respectively. Fruquintinib inhibits HUVEC tubule growth and CAM angiogenesis. Tube formation is suppressed significantly after treatment with fruquintinib at 0.3 μM for 18 hours.
In vivo: Gastric cancer BGC-823 model is found to be most sensitive to fruquintinib. In this model, fruquintinib inhibits tumor growth by 62.3% and 95.4∼98.6%, at 0.5 and 2 mg/kg once daily dosing, respectively. When the dose is elevated to 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the tumors regress by 24.1% and 48.6%, respectively. The level of anti-tumor growth activity of fruquintinib varies in different tumor xenograft models. Fruquintinib significantly decreases the micro-vessel density even at the lowest dose of 0.8 mg/kg.
Cell Experiment | |
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Cell lines | Primary HUVECs or HLECs |
Preparation method | Primary HUVECs or HLECs in exponential phase are suspended in 100 μL of RPMI-1640 media containing 0.5% FBS, and seeded at 5000 cell/well in 96-well plates pre-coated with 0.2% gelatin or fibronectin, and incubated overnight in a 5% CO2, 37°C incubator. Fruquintinib and VEGF-A165 or VEGF-C (50 ng/mL) are added and incubated for 48 hours. Viability of the cells is determined using CCK-8 assay format |
Concentrations | 10 mM |
Incubation time | 48 hours |
Animal Experiment | |
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Animal models | Mice |
Formulation | aqueous 0.5% CMC-Na (w/v) |
Dosages | 0.5-20 mg/kg |
Administration | orally |
Molecular Weight | 393.39 |
Formula | C21H19N3O5 |
CAS Number | 1194506-26-7 |
Solubility (25°C) | 7.75 mg/mL in DMSO |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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