In vitro: Epothilone D (KOS-862) is a more potent microtubule stabilizer in vitro than epothilone A or B. In vitro, Epothilone D has shown potent cytotoxicity in a panel of human tumor cell lines, with similar potency to paclitaxel. Epothilone D also shows a definite advantage over paclitaxel in drug-resistant cell lines, and retained its cytotoxicity against a multidrug resistant cell line over-expressing P-glycoprotein. Epothilone D (EpoD) is a microtubules (MTs)-stabilizing agent.
In vivo: To evaluate whether Epothilone D (EpoD) improves MT and axonal function in PS19 mice, groups of 3-month old male PS19 mice received weekly i.p. injections of vehicle or Epothilone D (1 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg) for a total of 3 months. In addition, 3-month old non-Tg littermates received 3 mg/kg Epothilone D or vehicle. The 3 mg/kg Epothilone D dose corresponds to ~10-fold less than that used in a Phase II clinical study, which should minimize side-effects such as neutropenia that are observed with MT-stabilizing drugs in human subjects. PS19 and WT mice that receive Epothilone D show no signs of drug intolerance. Indeed, all drug-treated mice exhibited weight gain that is indistinguishable from vehicle-treated animals. Likewise, relative organ weights are similar in vehicle- and Epothilone D-treated mice. The motor performance of Epothilone D-treated mice, assessed using a standard rotarod test, is not significantly different from vehicle-treated cohorts. Finally, although there is minor group-to-group variability, there are no significant differences in white blood cell counts or neutrophil content between any of the treatment cohorts. Thus, the low doses of Epothilone D utilized in these studies appeared to be well tolerated.
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Preparation method | |
Concentrations | |
Incubation time |
Animal Experiment | |
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Animal models | Mice |
Formulation | dissolved in 100% DMSO and diluted with saline or PBS |
Dosages | 3 mg/kg |
Administration | i.p. |
Molecular Weight | 491.68 |
Formula | C27H41NO5S |
CAS Number | 189453-10-9 |
Solubility (25°C) | 10 mM in DMSO |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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