Kanamycin sulfate

Biological Activity

In vitro: Kanamycin sulfate at the concentration above 0.0025% has a significant inhibition on the growth of B. bifidum and has no influence on the other four probiotics at incubation 12 h or 24 h. The optimum selective concentration of kanamycin sulfate in MRS media is 0.005% for selective enumeration of B.bifidum.

In vivo: The neurons damage of the DCN caused by kanamycin (500 mg/kg/day) is reversible and autophagy is upregulated in the neurotoxic course of kanamycin on DCN through JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 pathway in rats. The serum BUN and Cr levels are both increased at the 1st day after the period of kanamycin administration. The neurons expressing LC3 are increased at 1, 7 and 14 days after kanamycin administration in comparison to the control group. Kanamycin treatment results in the increase of autophagy in a time-dependent manner. Kanamycin sulfate (5 mg/kg) and sodium ampicillin (10 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly (i.m.) separately, and then together, to five pony mares, and the ampicillin concentration exceeds 5 mg/mL in inflamed synovial fluid for some 2.5 h after injection, and kanamycin sulfate concentration exceeds 2 mg/mL for 7 h in the pony.

Protocol

Cell Experiment
Cell lines	spiral ganglion cells
Preparation method	Images of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) in the basal turn. SGCs were stained for NF200 (red). SGCs of the basal turn in a normal cochlea and in cochleae at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after co-administration of kanamycin and furosemide.
Concentrations	10 μm
Incubation time

Animal Experiment
Animal models	Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Formulation	0.9% saline
Dosages	500 mg/kg/day
Administration	i.v.

Conversion of different model animals based on BSA (Value based on data from FDA Draft Guidelines)

Species	Mouse	Rat	Rabbit	Guinea pig	Hamster	Dog
Weight (kg)	0.02	0.15	1.8	0.4	0.08	10
Body Surface Area (m2)	0.007	0.025	0.15	0.05	0.02	0.5
Km factor	3	6	12	8	5	20

Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by	Animal B Km
	Animal A Km

For example, to modify the dose of resveratrol used for a mouse (22.4 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 22.4 mg/kg by the K_m factor for a mouse and then divide by the K_m factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for resveratrol of 11.2 mg/kg.

Chemical Information

References

E2F1-CDK1 pathway activation in kanamycin-induced spiral ganglion cell apoptosis and the protective effect of CR8.
Liu YY, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Mar 23;617:247-53. PMID: 26905670.

Nestin expression and reactive phenomena in the mouse cochlea after kanamycin ototoxicity.
Martone T, et al. Eur J Neurosci. 2014 Jun;39(11):1729-41. PMID: 24689961.