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In vitro: Kanamycin sulfate at the concentration above 0.0025% has a significant inhibition on the growth of B. bifidum and has no influence on the other four probiotics at incubation 12 h or 24 h. The optimum selective concentration of kanamycin sulfate in MRS media is 0.005% for selective enumeration of B.bifidum.
In vivo: The neurons damage of the DCN caused by kanamycin (500 mg/kg/day) is reversible and autophagy is upregulated in the neurotoxic course of kanamycin on DCN through JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 pathway in rats. The serum BUN and Cr levels are both increased at the 1st day after the period of kanamycin administration. The neurons expressing LC3 are increased at 1, 7 and 14 days after kanamycin administration in comparison to the control group. Kanamycin treatment results in the increase of autophagy in a time-dependent manner. Kanamycin sulfate (5 mg/kg) and sodium ampicillin (10 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly (i.m.) separately, and then together, to five pony mares, and the ampicillin concentration exceeds 5 mg/mL in inflamed synovial fluid for some 2.5 h after injection, and kanamycin sulfate concentration exceeds 2 mg/mL for 7 h in the pony.
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | spiral ganglion cells |
| Preparation method | Images of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) in the basal turn. SGCs were stained for NF200 (red). SGCs of the basal turn in a normal cochlea and in cochleae at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after co-administration of kanamycin and furosemide. |
| Concentrations | 10 μm |
| Incubation time | |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | Male Sprague-Dawley rats |
| Formulation | 0.9% saline |
| Dosages | 500 mg/kg/day |
| Administration | i.v. |
| Molecular Weight | 582.58 |
| Formula | C18H38N4O15S |
| CAS Number | 25389-94-0 |
| Solubility (25°C) | 30 mg/mL in water |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
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