Donepezil(E 2020) is a specific and potent AChE inhibitor for bAChE and hAChE with IC50 of 8.12 nM and 11.6 nM, respectively.
Donepezil has reversible and noncompetitive inhibition effects on AChE. It has 500-1000-fold more selective for AChE over butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Short- and long-exposure of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to donepezil induces a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation unrelated to muscarinic or nicotinic receptor blockade or apoptosis. Donepezil reduces the number of cells in the S-G2/M phases of the cell cycle, increases the G0/G1 population, and reduces the expression of two cyclins of the G1/S and G2/M transitions, cyclin E and cyclin B, in parallel with an increase in the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21.
Donepezil is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 system (CYP1A2-, CYP2D6-, CYP3A4-related enzymes). In animals, donepezil is found unchanged in brain, and no metabolites are detected in the nervous tissue. In plasma, urine, and bile, most donepezil metabolites are O-glucuronides. After oral ingestion, peak plasma concentrations are achieved in 3-5 hours and its absortion is not affected by food. Donepezil has linear pharmacokinetics over a dose range of 1-10 mg/day. 96% of circulating donepezil is protein bound.
Cell Experiment | |
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Cell lines | retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) |
Preparation method | RGC survival after exposure to each reagent (glutamate, donepezil, tacrine, galanthamine, and HA14-1) is measured by calcein-AM staining after 3 days in culture, Briefly, cells are incubated in 1 μM calcein-AM in PBS for 15 minutes at 37℃. After the medium is replaced with fresh PBS, cells are examined under a fluorescence microscope using a fluorescein filter. The total number of surviving RGCs defined as cells with a calcein-AM stained cell body and a process extending at least two cell diameters from the cell body is counted in each well. The number of surviving RGCs without any drug served as a control. |
Concentrations | 100 nM-10 μM |
Incubation time | 3 days |
Animal Experiment | |
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Animal models | Age-matched (10-12 weeks old, 21–24 g) male C57BL/6 wild-type and CGRP(−/−) mice |
Formulation | added to the food powder |
Dosages | 1.5 mg/kg |
Administration | oral |
Molecular Weight | 379.49 |
Formula | C24H29NO3 |
CAS Number | 120014-06-4 |
Solubility (25°C) | DMSO: 70 mg/mL |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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