In vitro: Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Toll-like receptor, Wnt, and Ras signaling pathways are intensively involved in the effect of rotenone on the ENS. Rotenone-induced cell death is reduced as measured by decline in the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins.
In vivo: Rotenone causes a significant increase in the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters; glutamate and aspartate together with a significant decrease in the inhibitory amino acids, GABA, glycine and taurine are observed in the cerebellum of rat model of PD. Rotenone (1.5, 2, or 2.5 mg/kg) causes a dose-dependent increase in α-synuclein in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, at 2 and 2.5 mg/kg, rotenone causes a significant decrease in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, and dopamine in the striatum in rats.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Feb 21;15:1358525.
Electroacupuncture at ST25 corrected gut microbial dysbiosis and SNpc lipid peroxidation in Parkinson's disease rats
Rotenone purchased from AbMole
Cell Cycle. 2023 May 9;1-15.
The effect of ROS-YAP crosstalk on osteoimmune response orchestrating osteogenesis
Rotenone purchased from AbMole
Front Neurol. 2023 Jan 11;13:1092127.
Parkinson's disease constipation effect of electroacupuncture at ST25 through colonic motility and enteric neuropathology
Rotenone purchased from AbMole
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2023 Jan 19.
The effect of electroacupuncture at ST25 on Parkinson's disease constipation through regulation of autophagy in the enteric nervous system
Rotenone purchased from AbMole
Redox Biol. 2020 Oct;37:101761.
Stat2-Drp1 mediated mitochondrial mass increase is necessary for pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages
Rotenone purchased from AbMole
Cell Experiment | |
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Cell lines | PC12 cells |
Preparation method | For cell or brain tissue exposure, rotenone stock solutions were diluted with PBS to obtain a final solution of 1m DMSO. PC12 cells were exposed to rotenone or the corresponding solvent for different times. |
Concentrations | 10 μM |
Incubation time | 48 h |
Animal Experiment | |
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Animal models | adult male Sprague–Dawley rats |
Formulation | DMSO |
Dosages | 12 μg/rat |
Administration | i.v. |
Molecular Weight | 394.42 |
Formula | C23H22O6 |
CAS Number | 83-79-4 |
Solubility (25°C) | DMSO ≥ 30 mg/mL |
Storage | 2-8°C, sealed |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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