N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine

Biological Activity

N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine, a blood-derived signaling metabolite that can be induced by exercise, suppresses feeding and obesity and can be used in obesity research.

General animal information（for reference only）

1) The C57BL/6 mice were divided into 6 groups: Sham group (in which mice had their vertebral laminae pried open but without spinal cord injury, n = 24), SCI group (with spinal cord contusion injury, n = 24), Exercise group (Mice with spinal cord contusion were exercised on a running wheel for 30 min each day. Specifically, the protocol involved starting from the second day after surgery, when the mice regained consciousness from anesthesia and the ability to move freely, and then continuously running on the wheel for 30 min each day, n = 12), L-P group (After the establishment of the spinal cord contusion model, a dose of 20 mg/kg of N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine was administered via the tail vein every day for a week. The first administration was immediately carried out after the SCI model was established and the wound was sutured. n = 18). 10 mg/kg L-P group (After the establishment of the spinal cord contusion model, a dose of 10 mg/kg of N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine was administered via the tail vein every day for a week, n = 6). 30 mg/kg L-P group (After the establishment of the spinal cord contusion model, a dose of 30 mg/kg of N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine was administered via the tail vein every day for a week, n = 6).

2) Mice were maintained in 12-hr light-dark cycles at 22 °C and ~50% relative humidity and fed a standard irradiated rodent chow diet. Where indicated, high-fat diet (Research Diets 60% kcal from fat) was used. For in vivo injection of mice with compounds including Lac-Phe, lactate, and phenylalanine, compounds were dissolved in 18:1:1 (by volume) of saline/Kolliphor EL/DMSO. Compounds were administered to mice daily via intraperitoneal injections at 5 μl/g body weight at the indicated doses. For all injection experiments, mice were mock injected with the vehicle for 3–5 days until body weights have stabilized. For glucose tolerance tests, mice were fasted for 6 hours then injected with glucose at 10 μl/g body weight. A dose of 1 g/kg was used for the GTT of vehicle and Lac-Phe treated obese mice. Sample sizes were determined on the basis of previous experiments using similar methodologies. For metabolite administration experiments, mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Experimenters were not blinded to groups.

Protocol (for reference only)

Cell Experiment
Cell lines
Preparation method
Concentrations
Incubation time

Animal Experiment
Animal models	High-fat diet-induced obese mice (DIO mice)
Formulation	Dissolved in 18:1:1 (by volume) of saline/kolliphor EL/DMSO
Dosages	50 mg/kg
Administration	Intraperitoneal injection

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight	237.25
Formula	C12H15NO4
CAS Number	183241-73-8
Form	Solid
Solubility (25°C)	Water 15 mg/mL
Storage	Powder          -20°C   3 years ;  4°C   2 years In solvent       -80°C   6 months ;  -20°C   1 month

References

[1] Lilian Fernandes Silva et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Metabolites as Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a 12-year Follow-up Study

[2] Jing-Gang Xia et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Precise Metabolomics Defines Systemic Metabolic Dysregulation Distinct to Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With Diabetes

[3] Jens Lund et al. Cell Metab. Outrunning obesity with Lac-Phe?

[4] Veronica L Li et al. Nature. An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity

[5] Jing Wu et al. J Agric Food Chem. Preparation and Taste Characteristics of Kokumi N-Lactoyl Phenylalanine in the Presence of Phenylalanine and Lactate