Squalene is a hydrocarbon containing double bond commonly found in shark liver oil, it is a biosynthetic precursor to all steroids. Squalene acts as a cytoprotective agent to normal cells exposed to carcinogens and antitumor agents. Squalene helps in equalizing the blood cholesterol levels. It increases the production of HDL (high density lipoprotein) and the excretion of LDL (low density lipoprotein). This helps in reducing the risk of heart disease and protects the less stable body fats from oxidation. It is also used in treating hypercholesterolemia. Squalene is known to improve the efficiency of cholesterol lowering drugs. It also serves as an antioxidant by preventing the effects of free radical. It protects skin from drying and other environmental conditions such as oxidation, ultraviolet rays and pollutants.
| Molecular Weight | 410.72 |
| Formula | C30H50 |
| CAS Number | 111-02-4 |
| Solubility (25°C) | Soluble in ether Soluble in petroleum ether Soluble in acetone Soluble in carbon tetrachloride |
| Storage | 2-8°C, dry, sealed |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
[1] Rosa Chiara Paolicelli, et al. Squalene: friend or foe for cancers
[2] B Andes Hess. Computational studies on the cyclization of squalene to the steroids and hopenes
[3] Se-Kwon Kim, et al. Biological importance and applications of squalene and squalane
[4] Giuseppe Lippi, et al. Vaccination, squalene and anti-squalene antibodies: facts or fiction?
[5] Christopher B Fox. Squalene emulsions for parenteral vaccine and drug delivery
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