Sodium butyrate is the sodium salt of butyric acid, used in the culture of mammalian cells. Sodium butyrate inhibits most HDAC except class III HDAC and class II HDAC6 and -10. Sodium butyrate also is the most effective fatty acid in stimulating or repressing the expression of specific genes. Sodium butyrate induces p21 mRNA expression in an immediate-early fashion, through transactivation of a promoter cis-element(s) located within 1.4 kb of the transcriptional start site, independent of p53 binding. Sodium butyrate significantly extends survival in a dose-dependent manner, improves body weight and motor performance, and delays the neuropathological sequelae in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD). Sodium butyrate also increases histone and specificity protein-1 acetylation and protects against 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity.
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of resveratrol used for a mouse (22.4 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 22.4 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for resveratrol of 11.2 mg/kg.
Molecular Weight | 110.09 |
Formula | C4H7NaO2 |
CAS Number | 156-54-7 |
Purity | >98% |
Solubility | DMSO 20 mg/mL |
Storage | at -20°C |
Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function.
Hamer HM, et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 15;27(2):104-19. PMID: 17973645.
Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate.
Davie JR. J Nutr. 2003 Jul;133(7 Suppl):2485S-2493S. PMID: 12840228.
The effect of sodium butyrate on histone modification.
Sealy L, et al. Cell. 1978 May;14(1):115-21. PMID: 667928.
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