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MK-2048

Cat. No. M3195
MK-2048 Structure
Size Price Availability
5mg USD 195  USD195 Out of stock
10mg USD 270  USD270 Out of stock
50mg USD 780  USD780 Out of stock
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Quality Control & Documentation
Biological Activity

MK-2048 is a second generation integrase inhibitor for integrase (IN) and INR263K with an IC50 of 2.6 and 1.5 nM, respectively.MK-2048 inhibits subtype B and subtype C integrase activities with IC50 of 75 and 80 nM, respectively. Disintegration is prevented by high concentrations of MK-2048 to a comparable extent with both subtype B and C enzymes. Mutation at the site of R263K slightly increases integrase susceptibility to MK-2048. G118R translates into a decrease in integrase activity and confers resistance to MK-2048. MK-2048 inhibits S217H intasome with an IC50 of 900 nM. By contrast, MK2048 remains fully active against the N224H intasome with an IC50 of 25 nM. MK2048 displays substantially lower dissociation rates compared with raltegravir, another integrase inhibitor. The subsequent selection of E138K partially restores replication capacity to approximately 13% of wt levels and increased resistance to MK-2048 to approximately 8-fold. MK-2048 is active against viruses resistant to RAL and EVG. Exposure to MK-2048 leads to the selection of G118R as a possible novel resistance mutation after 19 weeks. Continued pressure with MK-2048 subsequently leads to an additional substitution after 29 weeks at position E138K, within the IN gene. Although the G118R mutation alone confers only slight resistance to MK-2048 but not to RAL or EVG, its presence arouses a dramatic reduction in viral replication capacity compared to wild-type NL4-3. E138K both partially restores viral replication capacity and also contributes to increased levels of resistance against MK-2048.

Protocol (for reference only)
Cell Experiment
Cell lines PM1 cells
Preparation method A total of 7.5×104 PM1 cells per well are infected with clonal NL4-3 virus containing the integrase mutations G118R, E138K, or G118R and E138K or with wild-type viruses (45 ng p24 virus per well) by spinoculation at 1,200 × g for 2 hours at 37 °C. Washing cells two times to remove unbound virus and then resuspends in RPMI growth medium alone or containing various concentrations of MK-2048, ranging from 0.0256 nM to 2 μM. Experiments are performed, each in duplicate. Mearsure supernatant reverse transcriptase (RT) activity at 72 hours postinfection as an indicator of virus replication. Normalize data based on uninfected and no-drug controls included in each experiment. Using the same methodology as that used to determine EC50s to determing viral replication capacity in PM1 cells, by comparing levels of supernatant RT activity of each mutant virus to those of wild-type virus in the absence of MK-2048.
Concentrations 0.0256 nM to 2 μM
Incubation time 72 hours
Animal Experiment
Animal models
Formulation
Dosages
Administration
Chemical Information
Molecular Weight 461.87
Formula C21H21ClFN5O4
CAS Number 869901-69-9
Solubility (25°C) DMSO
Storage Powder          -20°C   3 years ;  4°C   2 years
In solvent       -80°C   6 months ;  -20°C   1 month
Conversion of different model animals based on BSA (PMID: 27057123)
Species Mouse Rat Rabbit Guinea pig Hamster Dog
Weight (kg) 0.02 0.15 1.8 0.4 0.08 10
Body Surface Area (m2) 0.007 0.025 0.15 0.05 0.02 0.5
Km factor 3 6 12 8 5 20
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by  Animal B Km
Animal A Km

For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.

References

[1] Emi Ikebe, et al. Activation of PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for efficient elimination of HTLV-1-infected cells

[2] Kristina M Brooks, et al. Integrase Inhibitors: After 10 Years of Experience, Is the Best Yet to Come?

[3] Albert Y Liu, et al. Phase 1 Pharmacokinetic Trial of 2 Intravaginal Rings Containing Different Dose Strengths of Vicriviroc (MK-4176) and MK-2048

[4] Craig J Hoesley, et al. Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of MK-2048/Vicriviroc (MK-4176)/MK-2048A Intravaginal Rings

[5] Tamara Bar-Magen, et al. Identification of novel mutations responsible for resistance to MK-2048, a second-generation HIV-1 integrase inhibitor

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