In vitro: Linaclotide inhibits in vitro [125I]-STa binding to intestinal mucosal membranes from wt mice in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, [125I]-STa binding to these membranes from GC-C null mice is significantly decreased. After incubation in vitro in jejunal fluid for 30 min, linaclotide is completely degraded. Linaclotide acts on guanylate cyclase-C receptors on the luminal membrane to increase chloride and bicarbonate secretions into the intestine and inhibit the absorption of sodium ions, thus increasing the secretion of water into the lumen and improving defecation; the drug is minimally absorbed into the systemic circulation.
In vivo: Pharmacokinetic analysis shows very low oral bioavailability (0.10%). In intestinal secretion and transit models, linaclotide exhibits significant pharmacological effects in wt, but not in GC-C null mice: induction of increased fluid secretion into surgically ligated jejunal loops is accompanied by the secretion of elevated levels of cyclic guanosine-3',5-monophosphate and accelerated gastrointestinal transit. Linaclotide significantly increases weekly spontaneous bowel movements and complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) while reducing abdominal pain in patients with chronic constipation.
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | |
| Preparation method | |
| Concentrations | |
| Incubation time | |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | female CD-1 mice |
| Formulation | |
| Dosages | 8 mg/kg |
| Administration | i.v. |
| Molecular Weight | 1526.74 |
| Formula | C59H79N15O21S6 |
| CAS Number | 851199-59-2 |
| Solubility (25°C) | 10 mM in DMSO |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
| Related Guanylate Cyclase Products |
|---|
| MM 419447
MM 419447, a linaclotide metabolite, is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist. |
| Guanylin(human)
Guanylin(human), a 15-amino acid peptide, is an endogenous intestinal guanylate cyclase activator. |
| Cenderitide
Cenderitide is a potent agonist of particulate guanylyl cyclase receptor (pGC). |
| Prepro-ANF (56-92), human
Prepro-ANF (56-92), human is a human atrial natriuretic factor precursor. |
| Guanylin (mouse, rat)
Guanylin (mouse, rat), a petide, is composed of 15 amino acids. |
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