Insulin (human)

Biological Activity

Insulin (human) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood and is produced by beta cells of islets.

*The product is unstable in the solution state, so it is recommended that you use it now and use it as soon as possible

This product solution cannot be autoclaved.
It is also soluble in 125mM NaHCO3. Alkaline storage solutions are not recommended as high pH increases deamidation and protein aggregation.
General recommendation:

1. Do not prepare concentrated insulin solution because of poor solubility and the formation of polymers.
2. Adjust acidic pH to promote solutization and minimize the effects of neutral ph-binding proteases. For added protection, acid protease inhibitors may be considered.
3. The solution was aseptically filtered using a 0.2 micron low protein binding filter. Avoid aeration and/or blistering during solubilization and filtration as this may lead to protein denaturation.
4. Store at 2-8°C for 8 hours.
5. Do not heat more than 30°C and do not freeze.
6. Recommended working concentration of insulin is 1-10 μg/mL.

As an alternative, insulin solutions can be formulated with phosphate buffers (PBS). The above products were dissolved in 1mg /mL PBS solution. Shake gently at room temperature for 1-2 hours. No whirlpool. The solution is ready for cleanup. Prior to evaluation, follow steps 3-6 for final processing.

Product Citations

• 

  Food Res Int. 2023 Feb 14.

  N-acetylcysteine promotes the proliferation of porcine adipose-derived stem cells during in vitro long-term expansion for cultured meat production
  Insulin (human) purchased from AbMole

• 

  Biorxiv. 2023 Dec.

  GTPase-activating protein ARAP1 regulates circular dorsal ruffles as a nutrient uptake mechanism in the Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
  Insulin (human) purchased from AbMole

• 

  Cell Commun Signal. 2022 Jul 7;20(1):102.

  Circular dorsal ruffles disturb the growth factor-induced PI3K-AKT pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells
  Insulin (human) purchased from AbMole

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight	5807.57
Formula	C257H383N65O77S6
CAS Number	11061-68-0
Solubility (25°C)	Water 10 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic and warming and adjust pH to 2-3 with HCl)
Storage	-20°C, protect from light, dry, sealed

Conversion of different model animals based on BSA (PMID: 27057123)

Species	Mouse	Rat	Rabbit	Guinea pig	Hamster	Dog
Weight (kg)	0.02	0.15	1.8	0.4	0.08	10
Body Surface Area (m2)	0.007	0.025	0.15	0.05	0.02	0.5
Km factor	3	6	12	8	5	20

Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by	Animal B Km
	Animal A Km

For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the K_m factor for a mouse and then divide by the K_m factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.

References

[1] Tseng CH. BMC Cancer. Prolonged use of human insulin increases breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes.