In vitro: Hydroxyfasudil prevents the downregulation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) under hypoxic conditions. In a concentration-dependent manner, hydroxyfasudil increases eNOS mRNA and protein expression, resulting in a 1.9- and 1.6-fold increase, respectively, at 10 μmol/L (P<0.05 for both). This correlates with a 1.5- and 2.3-fold increase in eNOS activity and NO production, respectively (P<0.05 for both). Hydroxyfasudil also inhibits various chemoattractant-induced migration of neutrophils. Hydroxyfasudil potently inhibits Rho-kinase (IC50, 0.9 ± 1.8 μM), while its inhibitory effect is markedly (at least 50 ± 100 times) less for myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) or protein kinase C (PKC).
In vivo: Intracoronary administration of hydroxyfasudil(HF) causes a significant coronary vasodilation of both small arteries and arterioles in a dose-dependent manner under control conditions with a resultant increase in CBF(coronary blood flow). Intracoronary hydroxyfasudil does not significantly alter mean aortic pressure or heart rate. Pretreatment with hydroxyfasudil markedly reduces the I/R-induced myocardial infarct size, and this beneficial effect of hydroxyfasudil is significantly attenuated by L-NMMA. NO may be involved in those cardiovascular protective effects of hydroxyfasudil. Hydroxyfasudil may also be effective for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. HF protects the myocardium subjected to pacing-induced ischaemia through the increase in the regional myocardial blood flow.
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | Human vascular endothelial cells |
| Preparation method | Human vascular endothelial cells are treated with increasing concentrations of hydroxyfasudil (0.1 to 100 μmol/L) and eNOS expression and activity are measured. |
| Concentrations | 0.1 to 100 μmol/L |
| Incubation time | 18 h |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | Mongrel dogs |
| Formulation | Physiologic saline |
| Dosages | 10, 30, and 100 μg/kg |
| Administration | IC（Intracoronary administration） |
| Molecular Weight | 343.83 |
| Formula | C14H17N3O3S·HCl |
| CAS Number | 155558-32-0 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO: ≥ 30 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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