Gilteritinib

Biological Activity

In vitro: Of the 78 tyrosine kinases tested, Gilteritinib (ASP2215) inhibits FLT3, leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and AXL kinases by over 50% at 1 nM with an IC50 value of 0.29 nM for FLT3, approximately 800-fold more potent than for c-KIT. Gilteritinib inhibits the activity of eight of the 78 tested kinases by over 50% at concentrations of either 1 nM (FLT3, LTK, ALK, and AXL) or 5 nM (TRKA, ROS, RET, and MER). The IC50s are 0.29 nM for FLT3 and 0.73 nM for AXL. Gilteritinib inhibits FLT3 at an IC50 that is approximately 800-fold more potent than the concentration required to inhibit c-KIT (230 nM). The antiproliferative activity of Gilteritinib is evaluated against MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells, which endogenously express FLT3-ITD. After 5 days of treatment, Gilteritinib inhibits the growth of MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells with mean IC50s of 0.92 nM (95% CI: 0.23-3.6 nM) and 2.9 nM (95% CI: 1.4-5.8 nM), respectively. Growth suppression of MV4-11 cells is accompanied by inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation. Relative to vehicle control cells, phosphorylated FLT3 levels are 57%, 8%, and 1% after 2 h of treatment with 0.1 nM, 1 nM, and 10 nM Gilteritinib, respectively. In addition, doses as low as 0.1 nM or 1 nM result in the suppression of phosphorylated ERK, STAT5, and AKT, all of which are downstream targets of FLT3 activation. To investigate the effects of Gilteritinib on AXL inhibition, MV4-11 cells that expressed exogenous AXL are treated with Gilteritinib. At concentrations of 1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM for 4 h, Gilteritinib treatment decreases phosphorylated AXL levels by 38%, 29%, and 22%, respectively.

In vivo: In MV4-11 xenografted-mice, the concentration of Gilteritinib (ASP2215) in tumors is more than 20-fold higher than that in plasma with oral administration of Gilteritinib at 10 mg/kg for 4 days. Treatment of Gilteritinib for 28 days results in dose-dependent inhibition of MV4-11 tumor growth and induces complete tumor regression at more than 6 mg/kg. Further, Gilteritinib decreases tumor burden in bone marrow and prolonged the survival of mice intravenously transplanted with MV4-11 cells.

Product Citations

• 

  Cancer Res. 2024 Jan;CAN-23-1534.

  Foretinib is effective in acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting FLT3 and overcoming secondary mutations that drive resistance to quizartinib and gilteritinib
  Gilteritinib purchased from AbMole

• 

  Cancer Cell Int. 2023 Nov 30;23(1):302.

  GNF-7, a novel FLT3 inhibitor, overcomes drug resistance for the treatment of FLT3‑ITD acute myeloid leukemia
  Gilteritinib purchased from AbMole

Protocol (for reference only)

Cell Experiment
Cell lines	MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells
Preparation method	The effect of Gilteritinib on MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells is assessed using the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. Subsequent studies are conducted to examine the effect of Gilteritinib and Quizartinib on Ba/F3 cells expressing either FLT3-ITD, FLT3-D835Y, FLT3-ITD-D835Y, FLT3-ITD-F691 L, or FLT3-ITD-F691I. MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells are treated with DMSO or increasing concentrations of Gilteritinib (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM) for 5 days, and cell viability is measured using CellTiter-Glo
Concentrations	0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM
Incubation time	5 days

Animal Experiment
Animal models	Mice
Formulation	DMSO
Dosages	10 mg/kg
Administration	oral

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight	552.71
Formula	C29H44N8O3
CAS Number	1254053-43-4
Solubility (25°C)	10 mM in DMSO
Storage	Powder          -20°C   3 years ;  4°C   2 years In solvent       -80°C   6 months ;  -20°C   1 month

Conversion of different model animals based on BSA (PMID: 27057123)

Species	Mouse	Rat	Rabbit	Guinea pig	Hamster	Dog
Weight (kg)	0.02	0.15	1.8	0.4	0.08	10
Body Surface Area (m2)	0.007	0.025	0.15	0.05	0.02	0.5
Km factor	3	6	12	8	5	20

Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by	Animal B Km
	Animal A Km

For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the K_m factor for a mouse and then divide by the K_m factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.

References

[1] Mori M, et al. Invest New Drugs. Gilteritinib, a FLT3/AXL inhibitor, shows antileukemic activity in mouse models of FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia.

[2] Fathi AT, et al. Eur J Haematol. The role of FLT3 inhibitors in the treatment of FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.