Chloramphenicol down-regulates the mitochondrial DNA-encoded Cox I protein, but not nuclear-encoded proteins. Chloramphenicol increases cellular levels of the p21(waf1/cip1) protein and p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA through a p53-independent pathway.Chloramphenicol suppresses increases in the body weight and liver weight of experimental animals and at the same time induced a remarkable increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver during the formation of megamitochondria. Chloramphenicol-induced formation of megamitochondria is not simply ascribed to the suppression of the dividing process of mitochondria due to lowered protein synthesis in mitochondria but is intimately related to oxidative stress. It can be used to construct animal models of aplastic anemia.
| Molecular Weight | 323.13 |
| Formula | C11H12Cl2N2O5 |
| CAS Number | 56-75-7 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 55 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
[3] S MIYAMURA. J Bacteriol. Bactericidal action of chloramphenicol on Escherichia coli
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