In vitro: Bardoxolone exhibits potent inhibitory activities against production of nitric oxide induced by interferon-Ƴ in mouse macrophages with IC50 of 0.1 nM. Bardoxolone Methyl decreases the viability of leukemic HL-60, KG-1, and NB4 cells with IC50 of 0.4, 0.4, and 0.27 μM, respectively. CDDO-Me induces pro-apoptotic Bax protein, inhibits the activation of ERK1/2, and it blocks Bcl-2 phosphorylation, which contributes to the induction of apoptosis. Bardoxolone Methyl potently inhibits both constitutive and inducible NF-kappaB activated by TNF, interleukin (IL)-1beta, phorbol ester, okadaic acid, hydrogen peroxide, lipopolysaccharide, and cigarette smoke.
In vivo: Bardoxolone (60 mg/kg) reduces the number, size, and severity of lung tumors in vivo. Bardoxolone Methyl significantly reduces the in vivo inflammatory cytokine response following LPS challenge, induces HO-1 protein expression in the spleen, and protects mice against lethal-dose LPS.
Cell Experiment | |
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Cell lines | HL-60, KG-1, and NB4 cells |
Preparation method | Leukemic cell lines are cultured at a density of 3.0 × 10^5 cells/mL, and AML mononuclear cells are cultured at 5 × 10^5 cells/mL in the presence or absence of indicated concentrations of CDDO-Me. Appropriate amounts of DMSO (final concentration less than 0.05%) are included as control. For cytotoxicity studies, 1 μM ara-C is added to the cultures. After 24 to 72 hours, viable cells are counted with the trypan blue dye exclusion method using a hematocytometer. |
Concentrations | ~5 μM |
Incubation time | 72 hours |
Animal Experiment | |
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Animal models | Female A/J mice are injected i.p. with vinyl carbamate. |
Formulation | DMSO |
Dosages | ~60 mg/kg |
Administration | Oral gavage |
Molecular Weight | 491.66 |
Formula | C31H41NO4 |
CAS Number | 218600-44-3 |
Solubility (25°C) | 21 mg/mL in DMSO |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
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