Allopurinol (Zyloprim) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.82?.12 uM. Xanthine oxidase is responsible for the successive oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine resulting in the production of uric acid, the product of human purine metabolism. The inhibition of XO activity by 6-aminopurine (IC50=10.89?.13 uM) and its analogues was compared with that by allopurinol (IC50=7.82?.12 uM). Among these analogues, 2-chloro-6 (methylamino)purine (IC50=10.19?.10 uM) and 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine (IC50=30.26?.23 uM) were found to be potent inhibitors of XO.
Molecular Weight | 136.11 |
Formula | C5H4N4O |
CAS Number | 315-30-0 |
Form | Solid |
Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 20 mg/mL |
Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of Compound A used for a mouse (20 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 20 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for Compound A of 10 mg/kg.
[1] Richard O Day, et al. Allopurinol: insights from studies of dose-response relationships
[2] Lisa K Stamp, et al. Allopurinol and kidney function: An update
[3] Anita Kelkar, et al. Allopurinol as a cardiovascular drug
[4] Arie Markel. Allopurinol-induced DRESS syndrome
[5] M McNaughton Collins, et al. Allopurinol for chronic prostatitis
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